Omega 3 fatty acids from fish has been shown in epidemiological and clinical trials to reduce the incidence of heart disease by lowering cholesterol. Large-scale epidemiological studies suggest that individuals at risk for coronary heart disease benefit from the consumption of fish oil, as it is high in omega 3 fatty acids.
The American Heart Association updated its advice on fish oil supplements and the full article was published in Circulation 106:2747-2757, 2002. Here's the short version of what they recommend:
People without documented
coronary heart disease
Eat a variety of (preferably oily) fish at least twice a week. Include oils and foods rich in alpha-linolenic acid (flax seed oil, canola oil, and soybean oil; flax seed and walnuts)
People with documented coronary
heart disease
Consume approximately 1 gram of EPA+DHA per day, preferably from oily fish. EPA+DHA supplements could be considered in consultation with a physician.
People needing triglyceride-lowering
Two to four grams of EPA+DHA per day provided as capsules such as fish oil or omega 3 supplements under a physician's care
Recent studies also showed positive benefits of fish oil in IBD (Crohn's Disease and Colitis). Fish oil seems to be able to heal the inner lining of the inflamed intestines.
Fish Oil Key Message: Collectively, data are supportive of the recommendation made by the AHA Dietary Guidelines to include at least two servings of fish per week (particularly fatty fish). In addition, the data support inclusion of vegetable oils (eg, soybean, canola, walnut, flax seed) and food sources (e.g., walnuts, flax seed) high in alpha-linolenic acid in a healthy diet for the general population. Consumption of a variety of fish is recommended to minimize any potentially adverse effects due to environmental pollutants and, at the same time, achieve desired heart health outcomes.
Caution: Cod liver oil is not a good substitute. It may cause toxicity in excess amount due to its high levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin D.
Ever wondered what it would be like to feed your family only local foods? 100-mile diet veteran shares her tips and tricks to truly live your life on a local diet.
Fish Oil Key Message: Collectively, data are supportive of the recommendation made by the AHA Dietary Guidelines to include at least two servings of fish per week (particularly fatty fish). In addition, the data support inclusion of vegetable oils (eg, soybean, canola, walnut, flax seed) and food sources (e.g., 
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