Health Benefits of DHA for
Infants and Children

Written by Keeley Drotz, RD, CD of HealthCastle.com
Published in August 2008

(HealthCastle.com) DHA has recently gained much attention, and is now appearing in unexpected places - from eggs to baby foods to milk. But why should we care about DHA?

Benefits of DHA for Children

DHA stands for "docosahexaenoic acid." It is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid (22:6 n3) and is considered a beneficial fat. DHA is critical for the optimal development and function of the brain, eyes, and central nervous system during infancy and childhood. The brain grows rapidly throughout the first years of life, and DHA usage by the brain is significant during this time. Because DHA makes up a large portion of the brain and the retinas of the eyes, a deficiency could negatively impact the development or function of these organs. Studies revealed that babies with higher DHA levels have better mental and visual function. In addition, children who were breastfed tend to have higher IQ scores and better academic performance than those who were formula-fed; this is believed to be partly related to the high DHA content of breastmilk.

How Much DHA is Adequate for a Child?

Although there are no official intake recommendations for DHA in children, studies showed that actual intakes are far less than adequate for optimal growth and development. While most experts recommend at least 100 to 150 milligrams of DHA for kids per day, actual intakes appear to be closer to 20 to 50 milligrams per day only. A 3 oz serving of salmon provides about 600 mg of DHA.

What are Good Sources of DHA?

Babies get DHA from breastmilk, where it is found naturally. Infant formulas are now being supplemented with DHA. But when young children are weaned from breastmilk or formula to solid foods, their intake of DHA tends to decrease.

Natural sources of DHA are found in:

• Breastmilk
• Organ meats
• Seafood, especially oily, cold-water fish such as salmon, herring, sardines, and anchovies
• Algae
  

However, young children must limit their intake of fish due to mercury contamination. Children under six years old may eat half of a can (3 oz) of chunk light tuna per week. In addition, they can have another seafood meal low in mercury that week, such as salmon, herring, sardines, anchovies, cod, shellfish, trout, pollock, or catfish. If your child eats albacore tuna: limit it to one child-sized serving (3 oz/half of a can or less) per week, and avoid any other fish that week. A young child's portion size depends on his or her weight and ranges from 1 oz for a 20-pound child to 3 oz for a 60-pound child.

For safer options to reap DHA's health benefits, choose food products that are fortified with algae-derived DHA.

How to Benefit from DHA

It's actually not difficult to make sure your child consumes enough DHA. For instance, a weekly intake of two DHA-enriched eggs plus one child-sized serving of fish (one ounce of fish per 20 pounds of body weight) that is rich in DHA and lower in mercury, such as salmon or herring, can provide much - if not all - of the DHA your child needs.